Anyone racing outside the elite field, scored within their age category. Age-groupers almost always race under different bike rules than the elites you see on TV.
BMR is your basal metabolic rate at complete rest; TDEE is total daily expenditure including everyday movement and training. Nutrition targets always work off TDEE.
A ride followed immediately by a run, with no real break in between. Without bricks you run 10–15% slower than an open run; with regular bricks, only 1–5%.
How many grams of carbohydrate you take in per hour. Over middle and long distance 60–90 g is the target — from a single sugar source only about 60 g is usable.
Fixed time limits at checkpoints and at the finish, at which you are taken out of the race. Over long distance they usually sit at roughly 2:20 h for the swim and 17 h overall.
The minimum gap to the rider ahead on the bike leg of a non-drafting race. Under World Triathlon rules it is 12 metres, and an overtake must be completed within 25 seconds.
Holding your output steady across the whole course profile instead of pushing on climbs. In Ironman World Championship data, low heart-rate variation was the strongest marker of success.
Jumping onto an already rolling bike with your shoes waiting in the pedals. Executed cleanly it saves 15–30 seconds — the flying dismount, by contrast, only 2–3.
The area where you switch from swim to bike (T1) and from bike to run (T2). Performance analyses count both transitions as race components in their own right.